The revival of Persian prose writing

Persian prose since time of Mongols gradually declined. But, in the early nineteenth century (first quarter of thirteen century) as results of factors mentioned above and alongside other developments, a literary revival began. Concerning the prose literature, the first expressions in state was done and the creator of that movement was two of the greatest Prime Minister of Iran: Deputy Amir Farahani and Mirza Taqikhani Amir Kabir. The next innovations by two other political figures’ efforts, Mirza Malcolm Khan and Abdul Rahim Talibof were done.

Deputy Farahani

M.A.Farahani (1193-1251 AD), well-known Chancellor of Mohammad Shah was a talented prose writer. (1) He, by a commanded King who was honestly present to serve him, had been murdered. Deputy Farahani not only did many reforms in the Court but, he was the first one who followed the official tasks. Since he had a high place in politics and literature, his style soon became the model for many of his contemporaries. His writings, in any way, comparing with today's standards are not free of decorative appendages. In fact, as the doctor Khanlari noted: "Today, that we read the records of Deputy Farahani, its words seems redundant to the meaning words because excessive release of restrictions gave it enough speed. The larger and more progressive chancellor was Mirza Taqikhani that he, like his mentor, had a sad fate and brutally died in 1268 AH. Amir Kabir has been trained under the hand of the Chancellor; he continued his work and made simpler and lighter administrative works. However, the brief but brilliant era of this mighty Minister, and its impressive achievements, is regarded a most striking chapter in the resurgence of Iran and the influence of its evident style like many important thoughts and unachieved projects persisted for many years after his untimely death. However, his writing style influence in communications during the Shah's court, it is evident in the works of writers, and even travelers’ stories that killed him.
 

Mirza. M. Khan

After two famous ministers, another innovative came who should be regarded as true pioneer of Persian prose writing. Malcolm Khan Armenian parents were born in 1249 AH in Isfahan and the child was sent to study in Europe. On his return to Iran, he tried to teach in Darol Phonon and simultaneously was the translator of foreign European masters of that school. The main objective of Malcolm Khan, with full recognition he had of western civilization was encouragement of the government rulers to do essential reforms in state organization.
The Essay booklet (1275 AD), which was written shortly after his return from Europe, was, in fact, guidance to rulers for reform of the state apparatus. Malcolm in, later years, formed a setting called "forgotten home” -a kind of freemasonry - that students from Dar al Fonoun and a group of dissident intellectuals joined them. Finally, due to his political views, exiled him to Constantinople and Malcolm called Iranian reformists of that time.
During his stay in that city, he wrote several plays and a number of social and political pamphlets. Three plays of the series, which are descriptions of life and institutions and contain mainly social and political contents. In 1287 AD, Mirza .M.Khan was summoned up to Tehran and after the arrival, presented a plan to the prime minister of National Assembly. Moreover, the title of Nizam al-Mulk was given to him and was sent as Iranian Ambassador to England. But, once again his critical views dismissed him from his post.
Then, the known AM newspaper was published in London that despite the ban on Iran, it was got by the educated Iranians read it passionately and with enthusiasm. After the murder of Shah, Chief Minister Malcolm Khan, became the independent minister of Iran in Rome and remained in this position until the end of life.
At the time of Constitutional Revolution Malcolm was still alive, but he was older and more depressed than coming to the scene and participates in the movement. However his voice - calling for a constitutional monarchy and individual rights - in the speeches of any of the constitutionalists it was heard and the seed he planted later benefited as rules and principals that passed the adoption of the parliament.
Malcolm Khan was a prolific essayist and mostly wrote about political or social issues of the day; his style is more influenced by the European writers than the Old Iranian prose writers, and its main features was discussion that it was regarded for the young generation something new and pleasant in literature.
In his writings occasionally grammatical mistakes and contradictions was being seen but, simplicity and fluency of the style, along with issue freshness excited the readers of the time. His works was not only effective in stimulating the Constitutional Movement but also created a pattern for the young writer’s institutions.
After the victory of constitutionalism, a group of progressive young writers, especially journalists, regarded his style as attractive pattern. Malcolm Khan in addition to his critical, social and political ideas was a passionate advocate of Persian script and invented and published several books and pamphlets in alphabetical form that he had published.
However, his service to Persian-language that used in his writings. These terms are often extremely accurate and had apparently found their way to the current language. In fact, many new terms of our government agencies are exactly the same or derivative of the first terms that Malcolm Khan used in his various treatises and newspapers.

Abdulrahim Talibof

The first Iranian writer who made Iranians familiar with modern science was Abdul. Najarzadeh, known as Talibov (1250-1329 AD) who later called himself Talebzadeh replaced Persian suffix to Russia. He was born in Tabriz, but spent most of his life in the Caucasus, where he also studied literature and science and doing business activities.
His books are generally written in simple language and use a wide range of ethical and scientific issues in Cairo. His literary fame is rather as result of his last influential work, masalek Almohsenin (Cairo, 1905), that is known as one of the outstanding literary achievements.
This book is known as one of the outstanding literary successes of the time. This book, though regarded as imaginary journey in the realm of modern science is written as an integrated story and is full of vivid descriptions of customs and habits of different classes of people among other things however; out of his other actions are” Roman Emperor Marcus and the group of Flamariun - both are translated from Russian - Al-Hayat issues, elite sphere or prophetic date (translate), policy of Talebi, clarifying about democracy or two volumes of Talebi Safinah or the book of Ahmad should be mentioned so, all and all of these were once of importance.
The book of Ahmed is a type of children's guide book to modern science and as a form of dialogue between a father with his son. In this work, as well as the problems in Al-Hayat and clarifying issues which is regarded as the flow of Ahmad’s book. So, the writer of Physics, chemistry, biology and new inventions, concepts of freedom, democracy, independence explains simply in everyday language, and tries to make clear the mind of its readers and tell implies the need for social and cultural reforms in the country. Talibov’s writings have been rejected by some religious scholars of Tabriz, regarded the writer as atheist and boycotted his book. However, the author earned such respect and reputation in Iran that after the announcement of the constitution, the people of Tabriz, secretly elected him on their behalf in the parliament. He accepted this honor, but due to his aging and his past tragic memoirs did not go Tehran at all.