Iranian art in the passage of the history

The evolution of the Iranian art can be found in the roots of the historical events of this country. It seems that the varied weather conditions of Iran had its effect on the primitive inhabitants’ of this land effectually in the rise of the various arts in different historical periods. The mountains, deserts are the natural phenomenon of Iran among which the various artistic groups of the olden times have been emerged on the Iranian plateau where the remainder of the olden mountains which were the dwelling place of the primitive Aryans have an antiquity of the past ten thousand years.
The houses have an antiquity of 6 to 8 thousand years. The remains of these effects are in the two hillsides of the Iran Mountains with the Alborz and Zagros mountainous ranges. The archaeologists’ excavations in these two regions are the very important artistic effects, including the paintings of the cavemen, the home equipments and the clay; metallic tools were the war tool.
The Zagros Mountains have been the center of various tribes. Doubtlessly most of the metallic elements of the second millennium which is today visible have been in the Lorestan areas. Larger quantities of these effects are exposed to view in the ancient cultural museum of Lorestan. The other mountainous region of Iran, which is very important in the history of the Iran art and a very important artistic effect has been found in its skirt is the Alborz mountainous ranges. The northern hillside of this mountain range, Mazandaran and Gilan, was the dwelling place of the old races of Iran.
The primitive metallic vessels of the Marlik type are on a hill with the same name in the Roudbar in the Gilan province, belongs to the three thousand years before the birth of Christ. These vessels which were made up and adorned with gold, silver and metal are the introducers of the race that the archaeologists believe that with the Indian and European group – based in the Iranian plateau the powerful imperials of the Medes are being founded in the prime thousand prior to the birth. On the terminating border of the Iran desert near Kashan – in an area named Sialk, the primitive inhabitants’ footprints settled in the central area of Iran has been detected. The Sialks made their vessels of stone and gradually used the sharp stone. The artistic excitement of these people in the carvings on the bone that was carried out for the first time is visible. In the beginning of the first millennium before Christ, there existed much difference between the north western civilization such as the Caucasus and the Anatolian eastern regions this cultural period is known as the Urartu civilization.
The researches of the archaeologists in this field, in the regions such as Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Shiraz and suburbs of Tehran, include the forts and the fortifications of this civilization, and are an invaluable artistic effect. One of the oldest effects, Urartu; is the remains of the Bastam Castle around the Urmia Lake in the west Azerbaijan consisting rooms, astrolabe, the watchtower, the shops and other segments. Even, the two water mills that work with the near river water have been discovered.
In the excavations of this historic castle, the necklaces, glass rings, clay Locknuts and clay utensils and war tales from the small symbol stones have been obtained from the dwellers of the northwestern Iran. The most important discovered effect in this fortress; is the hieroglyphics line barest inscription, which shows that the Urartu civilization possessed special written letters.
An interesting point that seems in the study of the Iranian art is that, the art of Iran independent of the space and time rise reflects the spirit and the tendencies of the Iranians. Another point which seems is that the variety of the artistic effect shows this affair that the ancient Iranians in the different regions were highly skilled.
At the end of this historic stage the architecture of the Islamic period with the equipments and a taste with the Sasanian mode, was enjoying such an appearance that was rare in the world. In that period the Iranian Muslim artists made and created the archs’, the gazed handwritings and the extravagant much varied colored sketches in the religious areas. The advances of the other arts such as metallic works, textiles, glass works, painting, pottery and the other artistic effects of the national Iran, lasted for some time period. Sometimes the historical events, war, victory, the aliens attack, the interests and the precedence of the kings, the natural events, drought, famine and earthquake have put its effects on the progress and the advancement of the artistic effect.
The historical tables help in the cognizance of the history and the artistic country events, formation, evolution and their developments.
Five thousand years before the Christ the Iranians from the generation that migrated in the winters and summers, initiated making of the clay houses and advanced in the stone tools and with the addition of the parts of the bone types were completed, the home equipments were colored with red and black colours and cooked in the fire.
During the 4000 years before the Christ the inhabitants of the Zagros built the villages and gradually started living accumulatively and the architecture was created. The war tools in these regions were as well of the stone, but at the end of this era the metallic swords and daggers, the inscriptions with Ilahis primitive handwritings were created.
3000 years before the birth of Christ, the white stone, tar and the other types of the stone for the manufacture of the artistic tool were used. The sally dark blue and the charcoal color utensils became widespread. The metal weapons in the different regions of Iran such as the Susa and Nahavand were used and the different ornaments of gold, agate and lapis lazuli were built.
In the two thousand years before the birth of Christ, the arrival of the Aryans in the plateau of Iran was one of the most important events which in that period the metal zenith reached its height. The construction of the thin clays spread in the regions of Alborz and its neighborhoods and the luxurious building with brick walls or brick from the cooked clay, with the paintings with sketches of human beings and the skyscraper towers, trees and the other forms were decorated. The developed urbanization and the stone carving reached a stage where it surrendered its beauty to Susa. During this period, the people like Aryans, Medes and Parses settled in the Zagros.
In the first millennium before the B. C.; due to the lack of access to the archaeology documents it is called as the black background historical period. The new findings give information about his decade. In this period the wealthy shepherds and the farmers were living in the domains of the Alborz and not only had the invaluable metallic equipments but also the pottery excavated valuable effects. In the 6 and 7 eras before the Christ due to the massive migration of the different races to the Iranian plateau such as the Sital, Uratus, Manila, Castells, Medes and Pars and eventually the creation of the Achaemenid Empire and due to the organization of the central of Iran entered the historical period. During this period and thereafter the studies were maintained in the classified and periodical manner.
The inscriptions have remained written in three language handwritings, Persian, Ilami and Akadi of the Achaemenid period and shows the invaluable and grandeur documents of Iranians.
The Iran visual art period can be summarized as follows:
Achaemenid 350 to 550 years before the Christ
The invaluable works in the architecture and the other arts during the Achaemenid period was created the dynasty of the Achaemenid which was precedent after the occupation of the Iran via the Alexander Macedon. Seleucids, Parthians (312-91 before the Christ) was the first Seljuk that established the Seleucids kingdom and after the defeat of the Seleucids, the Farhad II (129 B. C.) Founded the Parthian Empire and this hierarchy existed till 224 A. D.
Sasanian 224 – 642 A. D.:
Many of the different valuable effects of this era have remained that have a special position in the history of Iran art. The extinction of the last Sasanid king (Yazdegird III) via the invasion of the Arabs was the end of this era and the beginning of the new history for Iran.
The early Islam (651-1000 A. D.)
The story of the art in the years of the Islam era is considerable. After the other historical period, the Islamic art reached its highest point.
These years include:
The Seljug era -1000 – 1157 A. D.
The Mongol era - 1370 – 1502
The Safavid era - 1491 – 1772
And the new period from the year 1772 A. D. till date